Press forging may be defined as the process of shaping a metal that is placed between two dies by applying mechanical or hydraulic pressure. Press forging is usually done on a forge press - a machine ...

The art of forging dates to at least 4000BC and probably earlier. Metals such as bronze and wrought iron were forged by early man to produce hand toots and weapons of war. Forging of wrought iron and ...

Deformation processes transform solid materials from one shape into another. The initial shape is usually simple (e.g., a billet or sheet blank) and is plastically deformed between tools, or dies, to ...

Hot forging processes remain a cornerstone of modern manufacturing, yet they present significant challenges due to the elevated temperatures and complex geometries involved. Recent advances in ...