Scientist suggests viewing genetic code not as a static "manual" that determines how organisms function, but a dynamic process of the birth of meaning and signs—semiosis. As part of this approach, the ...

Scientists have long believed that a universal genetic code serves as a blueprint for all life on Earth, dictating the structure and function of organisms from the simplest bacteria to complex humans.

The genetic code is the recipe for life, and provides the instructions for how to make proteins, generally using just 20 amino acids. But certain groups of microbes have an expanded genetic code, in ...