Java provides a way for the programmer to exercise control over memory management by marking certain objects as expendable via reference objects. Should an application’s memory requirements quickly ...

To learn about object technology, two easy-to-read books on the subject are David Taylor's "Object-Oriented Technology: A Manager's Guide" (Addison-Wesley, 1990) and "Business Engineering with Object ...

Knowing how references really differ from pointers should help you decide when to use references and when to stick with pointers. In C++, references provide many of the same capabilities as pointers.

You're thinking about making a change to that Transaction class but you're not sure how big an impact that change will have. One way to answer that question is to find all the places that the class is ...

Take advantage of the NULL Object pattern to avoid writing too much boilerplate code in your application when checking for null values A null object is one that doesn’t have any referenced value. The ...