The study of vortex ring dynamics centres on understanding the formation, evolution and decay of toroidal vortices generated by pulsed fluid jets. These phenomena are crucial in a wide range of ...

Air rings blown by dolphins swimming underwater and rings of smoke emitted by jet engines are just two examples of vortex rings. These doughnut-shaped structures and their mesmerizing movement have ...

Engineers have taught a simple submarine robot to take advantage of turbulent forces to propel itself through water. Small autonomous underwater vehicles, like the drones of the sea, could be very ...